Keys to avoiding food poisoning in summer

With the arrival of warmer weather and festivals like San Juan, outdoor meals become common. Barbecues, picnics, and gatherings with friends or family often involve preparing food in advance and transporting it or keeping it out of the refrigerator for hours.

In this context, any carelessness can significantly increase the risk of food poisoning , a threat that, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), affects 600 million people each year and causes 420,000 deaths. These figures highlight the need to take extreme precautions during this time of year.

Food poisoning, also known as foodborne illness, can occur when food or drink is contaminated by bacteria, viruses, parasites, or toxins. The most common symptoms (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and fever) are especially dangerous for children, the elderly, and those with compromised immune systems.

Among the most common pathogens are bacteria such as Salmonella , Escherichia coli , Listeria monocytogenes , and Campylobacter , as well as viruses such as norovirus, hepatitis A , and rotavirus. Parasites and natural toxins, such as solanine in green potatoes or toxic substances present in some poisonous mushrooms, may also be involved.

The good news is that prevention is within everyone's reach. Professionals at Hospital Clínic Barcelona remind us that it's not just what we eat that matters, but also how we handle, store, and consume food—a key factor in protecting metabolic health.

Washing your hands frequently (before cooking, after using the bathroom, or after touching contaminated surfaces) and avoiding preparing food for others if you have gastrointestinal symptoms are basic measures. So are maintaining good hygiene with utensils, fruits and vegetables , and keeping food cold. below 4°C and hot foods above 60°C, and refrigerate leftovers within two hours.

It's also important to keep raw foods separate from cooked foods , use separate utensils for each, cook meat and fish thoroughly , and always check expiration dates . These precautions are even more important for pregnant women, children, older adults, and people with weakened immune systems, as they should avoid potentially dangerous products such as unpasteurized soft cheeses or sushi with raw fish.

If, despite all these precautions, symptoms of food poisoning appear, it is essential to stay well hydrated and rest. If there is no improvement or the condition worsens, seek medical attention.

By following these simple food safety guidelines, enjoying meals outdoors, especially in the summer, is perfectly possible.